MariaDB

2022-5-7 大约 3 分钟

# MariaDB

MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支,主要由开源社区在维护,采用GPL授权许可 MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL,包括API和命令行,使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品。

在大多数场景下,MariaDB 能够兼容 MySQL,并且提供更好的性能。下文提到的MySQL 即 MariaDB。

# 使用指南

在你使用 【一键创建 MySQL 环境】后,系统为mysql添加admin 用户,密码同主机 root 密码

我们建议您进行安全设置和开启Web 访问

# 安全设置

mysql_secure_installation 是 Unix 系统上可用的 shell 脚本,它使您能够通过以下方式提高 MariaDB 安装的安全性:

  • 您可以为 root 帐户设置密码。
  • 您可以删除可从本地主机外部访问的 root 帐户。
  • 您可以删除匿名用户帐户。
  • 您可以删除测试数据库,默认情况下匿名用户可以访问该数据库。

建议为所有生产使用的 MariaDB 服务器运行此脚本,并请仔细阅读每一步!

# mariadb-secure-installation
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该脚本将提示您确定要执行的操作。

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!
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请参考下图进行设置

image-20220411175748454

image-20220411180010112

# 开启Web访问

开启Web访问前,请进行安全设置

MySQL 镜像已经使用 Docker 安装了 phpMyAdmin,按照以下教程进行设置,您将可以通过Web 浏览器访问您的数据库。

通过 ssh 登录MySQL主机,运行以下命令

docker start phpmyadmin
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默认情况下,phpMyAdmin 并不会随主机启动。运行以下命令,设置开机启动 phpMyAdmin。

docker container update --restart=always phpmyadmin
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打开浏览器,输入以下地址,用你的主机 ip 替换 主机 ip

http://主机ip:8080
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phpMyAdmin 5.1.3 GPL 2 Certbot 0.40.0 Apache 2